Design of digital differentiators for low frequencies

Optimal, maximally accurate digital differentiators (DDS) are derived for the low-frequency range. Exact coefficients used in the proposed DDs can be readily computed from explicit formulas, whereas the optimal (minimas RE) DDs require and optimization program to derive the coefficients. The lower the frequency of differentiation, the better is the performance of the proposed differentiators, making them suitable for many typical applications.>